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- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS);faqs.143
-
-
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [1-10] What are the top schools in AI?
-
- The answer to this question is not intended to be a ranking and should
- not be interpreted as such. There are several major problems with
- ratings like the Gourman Report and the US News and World Report. Such
- rankings are often unsubstantiated and anecdotal, their accuracy is
- questionable, and they do not focus on the subfields of an area. When
- selecting a graduate school, students should look for schools which
- not only have excellent programs in their general area of research
- but also at least one faculty member whose research interests mesh
- well with the student's. Accordingly, we've broken down this list
- according to topic, and sorted the schools within each topic in
- ALPHABETICAL ORDER.
-
- The best way for students to discover which schools are good in a
- field is to ask professors (and graduate students) in their
- undergraduate school for suggestions on where to apply. Reading the
- research journals in the field is another good method (see question
- [1-1]).
-
- A list of email addresses for CS departments is posted once a month to
- the newsgroup soc.college.gradinfo.
-
- NOTE THAT THIS LIST IS PRELIMINARY AND BY NO MEANS COMPLETE.
-
- Please feel free to suggest schools that are particularly strong in
- any of these areas, or to suggest new areas to be listed.
-
- Schools with excellent programs in most fields:
- Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
- MIT
- Stanford
-
- Indiana
- Maryland
- Rutgers
- Toronto
- UCLA
- Univ. of Edinburgh
- Univ. of Illinois/Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)
- Univ. of Massachusetts/Amherst
- Univ. of Rochester
- Univ. of Southern California & USC/Information Sciences Institute
- Yale
-
-
- AI and Medicine:
- Stanford
-
- AI and Legal Reasoning:
-
- Artificial Life:
- UCLA
-
- Automated Deduction:
- Stanford
- Univ. of Edinburgh
- Univ. of Oregon
- Univ. of Texas/Austin
-
- Case-Based Reasoning:
- Chicago
-
- Connectionism/Neural Networks:
- Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
- Ohio State Univ.
- Toronto
- UC/San Diego
- Univ. of Southern California & USC/Information Sciences Institute
-
- Decision Theory and AI:
- Berkeley
- Stanford
-
- Distributed AI:
- Univ. of Massachusetts
-
- Fuzzy Logic:
- Berkeley
-
- Genetic Algorithms:
- Univ. of Michigan
- George Mason
-
- Integrated AI Architectures:
- Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
- Stanford
- Univ. of Michigan
-
- Knowledge Representation:
- Stanford
- Univ. of Oregon
-
- Logic Programming:
- Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
- Stanford
- Univ. of Illinois/Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)
- Univ. of Oregon
- Univ. of Pennsylvania
-
- Machine Discovery:
- Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
-
- Machine Learning:
- Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
- Johns Hopkins
- MIT
- Univ. of Southern California & USC/Information Sciences Institute
-
- Natural Language, Speech:
- Brown
- Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
- Columbia
- ISI
- MIT
- Penn
- Stanford
- Toronto
- Univ. of Southern California & USC/Information Sciences Institute
- Waterloo (stylistics, MT, discourse)
-
- Nonmonotonic Reasoning:
- Stanford
- Univ. of Oregon
- Toronto
-
- Philosophy of AI:
- MIT
- Berkeley
-
- Planning:
- Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
- MIT
- Stanford
- Univ. of Oregon
- Univ. of Washington/Seattle
- Waterloo
-
- Probabilistic Reasoning:
- UCLA
-
- Production Systems/Expert Systems:
- Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
- Stanford
-
- Qualitative Physics and Model Based Reasoning:
- Univ. of Oregon
- Northwestern ILS (Forbus)
-
- Robotics:
- Bristol Polytechnic, UK
- Brown
- California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
- Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
- Harvard
- Hull University, UK
- MIT
- Naval Postgraduate School
- New York University (NYU) Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences
- North Carolina State Univerisity/Raleigh (NCSU)
- Oxford
- Purdue
- Reading University, UK
- Rennsalear Polytechnic Institute (RPI)
- Salford University, UK
- Stanford
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
- UC/Berkeley
- Univ. of Alberta
- Univ. of Kansas
- Univ. of Kentucky
- Univ. of Maryland
- Univ. of Michigan/Ann Arbor
- Univ. of Paris INRIA
- Univ. of Pennsylvania
- Univ. of Southern California & USC/Information Sciences Institute
- Univ. of Utah
- Univ. of Wisconsin
- Yale
-
- Search:
- UCLA
- Univ. of Oregon
-
- Virtual Reality:
- Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
- Columbia
- Florida Institute of Technology
- MIT Media Lab
- Naval Postgraduate School
- UVA
- Univ. North Carolina/Chapel Hill (UNC)
-
- Vision:
- Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
- Johns Hopkins
- MIT
- Univ. of Maryland
- Univ. of Southern California & USC/Information Sciences Institute
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- ;;; *** Change Log
- ;;;
- ;;; 13-SEP-92 mk Moved Prolog information into the updated Prolog Resource
- ;;; Guide.
- ;;; 14-SEP-92 mk Added automated reasoning references. Added automated
- ;;; reasoning systems to [4], ftp resources.
- ;;; Split FAQ into two pieces.
- ;;; 15-SEP-92 mk Added IE-digest.
- ;;; 30-SEP-92 mk Added Stiquito entry.
- ;;; 8-OCT-92 mk Added Glossary question, updated ECTL entry.
- ;;; 15-OCT-92 mk Added MUME entry, some new references, fuzzy logic
- ;;; ftp, etc.
- ;;; 15-OCT-92 mk Distributed AI info contributed by Keith Decker.
- ;;; 15-OCT-92 mk Split off FTP resources into part 3.
- ;;; 15-OCT-92 mk Added several journal references.
- ;;; 15-OCT-92 mk Several references contributed by Dave Chalmers, including
- ;;; GA, NNets, and Alife.
- ;;; 16-OCT-92 mk Added info about lots and lots of journals.
- ;;; 20-OCT-92 mk Added entry on the Consortium for Lexical Research to part
- ;;; 3.
- ;;; 27-OCT-92 mk Added entry on Togai InfraLogic (TIL).
- ;;; 2-NOV-92 mk Added entry on Computists' Communique.
- ;;; 5-NOV-92 mk Added entry on ARS MAGNA to part 3.
- ;;; 5-NOV-92 mk Added question on "best" schools in AI.
- ;;; 16-NOV-92 mk Added entry on GBB.
- ;;; 19-NOV-92 mk Updated AI CD-ROM entry. New email addresses.
- ;;; 24-NOV-92 mk Updated some of the Robotics content, per Ken Goldberg.
- ;;; Added reference to robotics faq posting, and stole small
- ;;; excerpts of it.
- ;;; 24-NOV-92 mk Added entry on Soc for Machines and Mentality (and journal)
- ;;; to 1-1, per William J. Rapaport.
- ;;; *EOF*
- Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu comp.ai:14853 news.answers:4557
- Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!usc!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!swrinde!emory!ogicse!das-news.harvard.edu!cantaloupe.srv.cs.cmu.edu!crabapple.srv.cs.cmu.edu!mkant
- From: mkant+@cs.cmu.edu (Mark Kantrowitz)
- Newsgroups: comp.ai,news.answers
- Subject: FAQ: Artificial Intelligence Bibliography 2/3 [Monthly posting]
- Summary: Bibliography of AI introductory texts, overviews and references
- Message-ID: <ai-faq-2.text_724233690@cs.cmu.edu>
- Date: 13 Dec 92 08:02:38 GMT
- Article-I.D.: cs.ai-faq-2.text_724233690
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- Archive-name: ai-faq/part2
- Last-Modified: Thu Oct 15 22:35:01 1992 by Mark Kantrowitz
- Version: 1.2
-
- ;;; ****************************************************************
- ;;; Answers to Questions about Artificial Intelligence *************
- ;;; ****************************************************************
- ;;; Written by Mark Kantrowitz
- ;;; ai-faq-2.text -- 36271 bytes
-
- This part of the AI FAQ provides a bibliography of good introductory
- texts and overviews of AI and specific subfields of AI. If you feel
- that there is a reference or set of references which should be added
- to this FAQ, or references which should be removed, please send email
- to mkant+ai-faq@cs.cmu.edu. When suggesting references to be
- included in a particular subfield, only suggest the best two or three
- references (or a particularly well-written overview). It is NOT the
- intention of this listing to be a comprehensive AI bibliography.
-
- Part 2 (Bibliography):
- Bibliography of introductory texts, overviews and references
-
- Outline:
- [1] AI in general (Introductions, Overviews)
- [2] Search
- [3] Knowledge Representation
- [4] Logic
- [5] Planning
- [6] Natural Language Processing (NLP)
- [7] Connectionism and Neural Nets
- [8] Machine Learning
- [9] Case-Based Reasoning
- [10] Genetic Algorithms
- [11] Production Systems, Expert Systems and Match Algorithms
- [12] Integrated AI Architectures
- [13] Fuzzy Logic
- [14] Artificial Life
- [15] Qualitative Physics and Model Based Reasoning
- [16] Task-specific Architectures for Problem Solving
- [17] Automated Deduction
- [18] Probabilistic Reasoning
- [19] Nonmonotonic Reasoning
- [20] Robotics and Computer Vision
- [21] Distributed AI
- [22] Philosophy of AI
- [23] Miscellaneous
- [24] Videotapes and Magazines
-
- Search for [#] to get to question number # quickly.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [1] AI in general (Introductions, Overviews)
-
- Introductory texts:
-
- Elaine Rich & Kevin Knight, "Artificial Intelligence", 2nd edition,
- McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991. ISBN 0-07-052263-4
-
- Patrick Henry Winston, "Artificial Intelligence", Third Edition,
- Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, 1992, ISBN 0-201-53377-4.
-
- Matthew L. Ginsberg, "Essentials of AI", Morgan Kaufmann
- Publishers, 1993.
-
- Overviews and References:
-
- Shapiro, Stuart C. (ed), "Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence",
- 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1992. (1st ed, 1987)
-
- Alan Bundy, editor, "Catalogue of Artificial Intelligence
- Techniques", 3rd Edition, Springer Verlag, 1990, ISBN 0-387-52959-4.
-
- Avron Barr and Edward A. Feigenbaum, "The Handbook of Artificial
- Intelligence", volumes 1-4, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1986.
-
- Sundermeyer, K., "Knowledge-Based Systems: Terminology and References",
- Wissenschaftverlag, 1991. ISBN 3-411-14941-8
-
- Jerry M. Rosenberg, "Dictionary of Artificial Intelligence and
- Robotics", Wiley, New York, 1986, 203 pages.
-
- Bonnie Lynn Webber and Nils J. Nilsson, "Readings in Artificial
- Intelligence", Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1981.
-
- Raoul N. Smith, editor, "The Facts on File Dictionary of Artificial
- Intelligence", Facts on File, New York, 1989, 211 pages.
-
- Older general introductions and overviews:
-
- Nils J. Nilsson, "Principles of Artificial Intelligence", Tioga
- Publishing Company, Palo Alto, CA, 1980.
-
- Eugene Charniak and Drew V. McDermott, "Introduction to Artificial
- Intelligence", Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1985.
-
- Firebaugh, Morris W., "Artificial Intelligence: A Knowledge-Based
- Approach", PWS-Kent, Massachusetts, 1989. ISBN 0-87835-325-9
- Emphasis on the role of knowledge in the design of intelligent
- systems. Includes intro to AI programming languages, extensive
- discussion of expert systems and robotics, survey of parallel
- machine architectures, and identification of bottlenecks in
- the implementation of useful AI systems.
-
- Phonebooks:
-
- The AAAI membership directory is updated annually and contains
- addresses, phone numbers, and email addresses for many members of AAAI
- and other AI societies. Contact info@aaai.org for information on
- getting a copy of the directory (you should get a free copy if you are
- a member of one of the listed societies).
-
- Surveys:
-
- Howard E. Shrobe, editor, "Exploring Artificial Intelligence",
- Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Mateo, CA, 1988.
- (Survey talks from the AAAI 1986 and 1987 conferences.)
-
- Publisher Phone Numbers:
-
- Morgan Kaufmann Publisher's order number is 800-745-7323
- (415-578-9911), fax is 415-578-0672, and their email address is
- morgan@unix.sri.com. You can also write to Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,
- Inc., Department E4, 2929 Campus Drive, Suite 260, San Mateo, CA
- 94403. Their "Readings in X" series is a good source of information
- on various AI topics. (Many of them are listed below.)
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [2] Search
-
- [See also the Barr and Feigenbaum's Handbook of AI, chapter 1;
- Nilsson's Principles of AI, sections 2.4.1 through 2.4.4 (A*),
- sections 3.1 and 3.2 (AND/OR trees and AO*); and the Mackworth paper
- in Readings in Artificial Intelligence.]
-
- Pearl, J. and Korf, R. E., "Search techniques", Annual Review of
- Computer Science, volume 2, J.F. Traub, B.J. Grosz, B.W. Lampson and
- N.J. Nilsson, editors, pages 451-467, Annual Reviews Inc., Palo
- Alto, CA, 1987.
-
- L. Kanal and V. Kumar, "Search in Artificial Intelligence",
- Springer-Verlag, 1988.
-
- Hans J. Berliner, "The B* Tree Search Algorithm: A Best-First Proof
- Procedure", Artificial Intelligence, 12(1):23-40, May 1979. Also
- appears in "Readings in Artificial Intelligence".
-
- Pearl, J., "Heuristics: Intelligent Search Strategies for Computer
- Problem Solving", Addison-Wesley, 1984.
-
- Kirkpatrick, S. Gelatt, CD, and Vecchi, MP, "Optimization by Simulated
- Annealing", Science 220(4589):671-680, 1983.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [3] Knowledge Representation
-
- [Several papers in "Readings in Artificial Intelligence" are relevant,
- including S. Amarel "On Representations of Problems on Reasoning about
- Actions" and P.J. Hayes "The Frame Problem and Related Problems in AI".]
-
- Brachman, Ronald J. and Levesque, Hector J., editors,
- "Readings in Knowledge Representation", Morgan Kaufmann
- Publishers, 1985.
-
- Ronald J. Brachman and James G. Schmolze, "An overview of the
- KL-ONE knowledge representation system", Cognitive Science,
- 9:171-216, 1985.
-
- Ronald J. Brachman, Richard E. Fikes, and Hector J. Levesque,
- "KRYPTON: A functional approach to knowledge representation",
- IEEE Computer, 16:67-73, 1983.
-
- Ronald J. Brachman, "On the epistemological status of semantic
- networks", in N.V. Findler, editor, Associative Networks, pp. 318-353.
- New York: Academic Press, 1979.
-
- Allen Newell, "The Knowledge Level", Artificial Intelligence,
- 18:87-127, 1982.
-
- Allen Newell and Herb Simon, "Computer Science as Empirical
- Enquiry: Symbols and Search", Communications of the ACM,
- 19(3):113-126, 1976.
-
- Penny Nii, "Blackboard Systems", AI Magazine 7(3), 1986.
-
- Ronald J. Brachman, " ``I lied about the trees'', or, defaults and
- definitions in knowledge representation", AI Magazine 6(3):80-93, 1985.
-
- W.A. Woods, "What's in a link: Foundations for semantic networks", In
- D.G. Bobrow & A. Collins (Eds.), "Representation and Understanding",
- Academic Press, New York, 1975. Reprinted in "Readings in Cognitive
- Science", Collins & Smith (eds.), section 2.2.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [4] Logic
-
- Genesereth, M.R. and Nilsson, N.J., "Logical Foundations of Artificial
- Intelligence", Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Los Altos, CA, 1987.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [6] Natural Language Processing (NLP)
-
- General:
-
- Gazdar, G. and Mellish, C., "Natural Language Processing in Lisp:
- An Introduction to Computational Linguistics", Addison-Wesley,
- Reading, Massachusetts, 1989. (There are three different editions
- of the book, one for Lisp, one for Prolog, and one for Pop-11.)
-
- Grosz, B.J., Sparck-Jones, K., and Webber, B.L., "Readings in
- Natural Language Processing", Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Los
- Altos, CA, 1986.
-
- Robert C. Berwick, "Computational Linguistics", MIT Press,
- Cambridge, MA, 1989, ISBN 0262-02266-4.
-
- Brady, Michael, and Berwick, Robert C., "Computational Models
- of Discourse", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1983.
-
- Klaus K. Obermeier, "Natural Language Processing Technologies
- in Artificial Intelligence: The Science and Industry Perspective",
- John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989.
-
- Allen, James F., "Natural Language Understanding", The
- Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Menlo Park, California,
- (Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, Massachusetts),
- 1988, ISBN 0-8053-0330-8.
-
- Terry Winograd, "Language as a Cognitive Process", Addison-Wesley,
- Reading, MA, 1983.
-
- Terminology:
-
- David Crystal, "A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics", 3rd Edition,
- Basil Blackwell Publishers, New York, 1991.
-
- Parsing:
-
- Tomita, M. (Editor), "Current Issues in Parsing Technology",
- Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 1991.
-
- Tomita, M., "An Efficient Context-Free Parsing Algorithm",
- Computational Linguistics 13:31-46, 1987.
-
- Probabilistic Parsing:
-
- Wright, J., "LR Parsing of Probabilistic Grammars with Input
- Uncertainty for Speech Recognition", Computer Speech and Language
- 4:297-323, 1990.
-
- Ted Briscoe and John Carroll, "Generalised Probabilistic LR Parsing of
- Natural Language (Corpora) with Unification-based Grammars",
- University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory, Technical Report Number
- 224, 1991.
-
- Natural Language Understanding:
-
- E. Charniak, "Passing Markers: A Theory of Contextual Influence in
- Language Comprehension", Cognitive Science, 7:171-190, 1983.
-
- Bertram C. Bruce, "Case systems for natural language", Artificial
- Intelligence 6:327-360, 1975.
-
- Yorick Wilks, "A Preferential, Pattern-Seeking, Semantics For
- Natural Language Inference", Artificial Intelligence, 6:53-74, 1975.
-
- Natural Language Interfaces:
-
- Raymond C. Perrault and Barbara J. Grosz, "Natural Language
- Interfaces", Annual Review of Computer Science, volume 1, J.F. Traub,
- editor, pages 435-452, Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, CA, 1986.
-
- Natural Language Generation:
-
- McKeown, Kathleen R. and Swartout, William R., "Language
- Generation and Explanation", in Zock, M. and Sabah, G.,
- editors, Advances in Natural Language Generation, Volume 1, Pages
- 1-51, Ablex Publishing Company, Norwood, NJ, 1988. (Overview of
- the state of the art in natural language generation.)
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [5] Planning
-
- Intros, Overviews, Paper Collections:
-
- James Allen, James Hendler and Austin Tate, editors,
- "Readings in Planning", Morgan-Kaufmann Publishers, 1990.
-
- James Hendler, Austin Tate and Mark Drummond, "AI Planning:
- Systems and Techniques", AI Magazine, May, 1990. (Review article.)
-
- Georgeff, M. P., "Planning," in Annual Review of Computer Science,
- Annual Reviews Inc., pages 359-400, 1987.
-
- Drew McDermott, "Robot Planning", AI Magazine 13:2, Summer
- 1992, pp. 55-79.
-
- William R. Swartout, "DARPA Workshop on Planning", AI Magazine,
- 9(2):115-131, Summer, 1988. (Survey of current work and issues in
- planning.)
-
- [See also Waldinger's "Achieving several goals simultaneously", in
- "Readings in Artificial Intelligence".]
-
- STRIPS:
-
- Fikes, R.E. and Nilsson, N.J., "STRIPS: A new approach to the
- application of theorem proving to problem solving", Artificial
- Intelligence 2:189-208, 1971.
-
- ABSTRIPS:
-
- Sacerdoti, E. D., "Planning in a Hierarchy of Abstraction Spaces,"
- Artificial Intelligence, 5:115-135, 1974.
-
- Conjunctive Goals:
-
- Chapman, D., "Planning for Conjunctive Goals", Artificial Intelligence
- 32:333-377, 1987.
-
- NOAH:
-
- Sacerdoti, E., "A Structure for Plans and Behavior", Artificial
- Intelligence, pages 1-65, American Elsevier, New York, 1977.
-
- Sacerdoti, E. D., "The Nonlinear Nature of Plans," Proc. of the Fourth
- Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, Morgan Kaufmann, 1975, 206-214.
-
- Reactive Planning:
-
- Agre P.E. and Chapman, D., "Pengi: An Implementation of a Theory of
- Activity", in Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
- Aritificial Intelligence, Seattle, WA, July 1987.
-
- Georgeoff, M.P. and Lansky, A.L., "Reactive Reasoning and
- Planning", in Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
- Artificial Intelligence, Seattle, WA, pages 677-682, July 1987.
-
- Simmons, R.G., "A theory of debugging plans and interpretations", in
- Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on Artificial
- Intelligence (AAAI-88), Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Palo Alto,
- CA, pages 94-99, 1988.
-
- Case-based Planning:
-
- Hammond, K., "Case-based Planning: Viewing Planning as a Memory Task",
- Academic Press, Cambridge, MA, 1989.
-
- Miscellaneous:
-
- Stefik, M.J., "Planning with Constraints", Artificial Intelligence
- 15:111-140 and 16:141-170, 1981.
-
- Wilkins, D.E., "Domain-Independent Planning: Representation and Plan
- Generation", Artificial Intelligence 22:269-301, 1984.
-
- R. Wilensky, "Meta-Planning: Representing and Using Knowledge About
- Planning in Problem Solving and Natural Language Understanding",
- Cognitive Science 5:197-233, 1981. Reprinted in Readings in Cognitive
- Science, Collins & Smith (eds.), section 5.6.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [7] Connectionism and Neural Nets
-
- Introductions and Overviews:
-
- Geoffrey E. Hinton, "Connectionist Learning Procedures",
- Artificial Intelligence 40(1-3):185-234, 1989. Reprinted in
- J. Carbonell, editor, "Machine Learning: Paradigms and Methods",
- MIT Press, 1990. Also appears as Technical Report CMU-CS-87-115
- (version 2), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, December 1987.
-
- Kevin Knight, "A gentle introduction to subsymbolic
- computation: Connectionism for the AI researcher". Technical Report
- CMU-CS-89-150, Carnegie Mellon University, School of Computer Science,
- Pittsburgh, PA, May 30, 1989.
-
- Scott Fahlman and Geoffrey Hinton, "Connectionist Architectures for
- Artificial Intelligence", IEEE Computer 20(1):100-109, January 1987.
-
- Hertz, J., Krogh, A., and Palmer, R.G., "Introduction to the Theory of
- Neural Computation", Addison-Wesley, 1991.
-
- Paper Collections:
-
- Rumelhart, D.E, and McClelland, J.L., editors, "Parallel Distributed
- Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition" (Vol. 1:
- Foundations; Vol. 2: Psychological and Biological Models), Cambridge,
- MA: MIT Press, 1986.
-
- Waltz, D., and Feldman, J.A., "Connectionist Models and their Implications:
- Readings from _Cognitive Science_", Ablex, 1988.
-
- Mark Watson, "Common Lisp Modules -- Artificial Intelligence in the
- Era of Neural Networks and Chaos Theory", Springer-Verlag, 1991.
- Includes code written in Macintosh Common Lisp and uses the Mac
- graphical interface (the modules are portable to other Common Lisp
- implementations, but without the graphics).
-
- Anderson, J.A., and Rosenfeld, E., editors, "Neurocomputing: Foundations
- of Research", Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 1988. Also "Neurocomputing
- Vol. 2: Directions for Research", Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 1991.
-
- Hinton, G.E., and Anderson, J.A., editors, "Parallel Models of
- Associative Memory" (updated edition), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1989.
-
- Hinton, G.E., editor, "Connectionist Symbol Processing", MIT Press, 1990.
- [Was a special issue of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 46, nos. 1-2.]
-
- Touretzky, D.S., editor, "Neural Information Processing Systems", volumes
- 1-4 (1988-1991), Morgan Kaufmann. [Proceedings from the premier
- conference on neural networks.]
-
- Connectionist Language Processing:
-
- See the special issue of _Connection Science_, Volume 2 Numbers 1-2, 1990.
- Also the Hinton collection "Connectionist Symbol Processing", above.
-
- Connectionist Cognitive Science:
-
- Barnden, J.A., and Pollack, J.B., "Advances in Connectionist and Neural
- Computation Theory Vol. 1: High-Level Connectionist Models", Ablex, 1991.
-
- Quinlan, P., "Connectionism and Psychology: A Psychological Perspective on
- New Connectionist Research", University of Chicago Press, 1991.
-
- Waltz, D., and Feldman, J.A., editors, "Connectionist Models and their
- Implications: Readings from _Cognitive Science_", Ablex, 1988.
-
- Philosophical Foundations:
-
- Pinker, S., and Mehler, J, editors, "Connections and Symbols", MIT Press,
- 1988. [Was Cognition special issue Volume 28, 1988]
-
- Clark, A., "Microcognition: Philosophy, Cognitive Science, and Parallel
- Distributed Processing", MIT Press, 1989.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [8] Machine Learning
-
- General:
-
- J. G. Carbonell, editor, "Machine Learning: Paradigms and Methods", MIT
- Press, Cambridge, MA 1990.
-
- Tom Mitchell, Jaime G. Carbonell, and Ryszard S. Michalski,
- "Machine Learning: A guide to current research", Kluwer Academic
- Publishers, Boston, 1986.
-
- J. W. Shavlik and T. D. Dietterich, editors, "Readings in
- Machine Learning", Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1990.
-
- [See also the article on Machine Learning from the Encyclopedia of
- Artificial Intelligence, pages 464-485.]
-
- Decision Trees:
-
- Quinlan, J. Ross, "Induction of Decision Trees", Machine Learning
- 1:81-106, 1986.
-
- Quinlan, J. Ross, "C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning", Morgan Kaufmann
- Publishers, 1992. ISBN 1-55860-238-0. $44.95 US, $49.45 International.
- For a slight additional charge ($25), the book comes with software (ISBN
- 1-55860-240-2). For software only, (ISBN 1-55860-239-9) $34.95 US,
- $38.45 International.
-
- Probabilistic Clustering:
-
- Fisher, D.H., "Knowledge Acquisition Via Incremental Conceptual
- Clustering", Machine Learning 2:139-172, 1987. (Probabilistic
- clustering methods.)
-
- Clancey, W.J., "Classification Problem Solving", Proceedings of the
- National Conference on Aritificial Intelligence, 49-55, Los Altos, CA,
- Morgan Kaufmann. 1984.
-
- Version Spaces:
-
- Tom M. Mitchell, "Generalization as Search", Artificial Intelligence
- 18:203-226, 1982.
-
- Machine Discovery:
-
- Langley, P., and Zytkow, J. M., "Data-driven approaches to empirical
- discovery", Artificial Intelligence 40:283-312, 1989.
-
- Langley, P., Simon, H.A., Bradshaw, G.L., and Zytkow, J.M.,
- "Scientific Discovery: Computational Explorations of the Creative
- Processes", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1987.
-
- Langley, P., Simon, H.A. and Bradshaw, G.L., "Heuristics for
- Empirical Discovery", in L. Bolc, editor, Computational Models
- of Learning, Springer-Verlag, 1987. Also appears as CMU CS
- Tech Report CMU-CS-84-14.
-
- Chunking:
-
- Laird J.E., Rosenbloom, P.S. and Newell, A., "Chunking in SOAR: The
- Anatomy of a General Learning Mechanism", Machine Learning
- 1:1-46, 1986.
-
- Explanation-Based Learning:
-
- Mitchell, Tom M., Keller, R. M., and Kedar-Cabelli, S. T.,
- "Explanation-based learning: A unified view", Machine Learning
- 1:47-80, 1986.
-
- Derivational Analogy:
-
- Carbonell, J. G., "Derivational analogy: A theory of
- reconstructive problem solving and expertise acquisition." In R.S.
- Michalski, Jaime G. Carbonell, and Tom M. Mitchell, editors, Machine
- Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach, Morgan Kaufmann
- Publishers, San Mateo, CA, 1986.
-
- Theoretical Results:
-
- Leslie G. Valiant, "A theory of the learnable", Communications
- of the ACM, 27(11):1134--1142, 1984.
-
- Haussler, D., "Quantifying Inductive Bias: AI Learning
- Algorithms and Valiant's Learning Framework", Artificial Intelligence,
- 36:177-221, 1988.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: [9] Case-Based Reasoning
-
- Roger C. Schank, "Dynamic Memory: A Theory of Reminding and
- Learning in Computers and People", Cambridge University Press, New
- York, NY, 1982.
-
- Roger C. Schank and C. Riesbeck, "Inside Case-Based Reasoning",
- Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1989.
-
- Craig Stanfill and David Waltz, "Toward Memory-Based
- Reasoning", Communications of the ACM, 29(12):1213-1228,
- December 1986. (Memory-based reasoning.)
-